{"id":3055,"date":"2023-04-19T16:21:37","date_gmt":"2023-04-19T13:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/?p=3055"},"modified":"2023-04-19T16:21:38","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T13:21:38","slug":"dagcilikta-donmada-ilkyardim-lokal-donma-nasil-baslar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/04\/19\/dagcilikta-donmada-ilkyardim-lokal-donma-nasil-baslar\/","title":{"rendered":"Da\u011fc\u0131l\u0131kta donmada ilkyard\u0131m !! Lokal Donma nas\u0131l ba\u015flar ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Medikal terminolojide donuk (\u0130ngilizcesi frostbite) olarak ge\u00e7en lokal donma, da\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almad\u0131\u011f\u0131, gereksiz risklere girdiklerinde ba\u015flar\u0131na gelen, parmak, el, ayak parma\u011f\u0131, ayak, burun, kulak gibi uzuvlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7an, baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonu\u00e7lanabilecek bir durumdur.<\/p><p>Lokal donma daha \u00e7ok kalbe uzak, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n az oldu\u011fu, so\u011fu\u011fa do\u011frudan maruz kalan kulak, burun, yanak, el ve ayak parmaklar\u0131 gibi uzuvlarda daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fuk neticesinde deri ve dokular zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p><p><strong>\u00dc\u00e7 tip donuk g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>So\u011fuk s\u0131z\u0131s\u0131 (1. derece donma)<\/strong>&nbsp;So\u011fu\u011fa maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ilk klinik yan\u0131t so\u011fuk s\u0131z\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r (ingilizce frostnip) Ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131 ve s\u0131z\u0131 ilk belirtisidir. Deride beyaz, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ve sar\u0131 renkte lekeler g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar. So\u011fuk h\u0131zla kesildi\u011finde deri soyulmu\u015f ve hissiz bir hale gelir. Yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma ile h\u0131zl\u0131ca tedavi edilirse bir sonraki a\u015fama olan donma&#8217;ya ge\u00e7ilmez. Bu durumda dokular zarar g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131ca tedavi sa\u011flan\u0131r, kal\u0131c\u0131 hasar olu\u015fmaz. Tedavi edildikten sonra belli bir s\u00fcreye kadar deride so\u011fuk ve s\u0131ca\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 hassasiyet g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Y\u00fczeysel donuk (2. derece donma)<\/strong>&nbsp;Birinci a\u015famada gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmaz, uzuvlar so\u011fu\u011fa maruz kalmaya devam ederse 30 dakika ila 1 saat aras\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde (\u015fartlar\u0131n iyile\u015fmedi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde) deride donma ve sertle\u015fme ba\u015flar. Derinin alt\u0131ndaki dokular hen\u00fcz yumu\u015fak ve normal bir haldedir. \u0130kinci derece donmalarda genelde 1-2 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde deride su toplama g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Su kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 serttir ve kararm\u0131\u015f bir bi\u00e7imdedir. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda 1 ay i\u00e7inde tedavi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Deri soyulur ve yerine yeni deri gelir ancak donmaya maruz kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgelerde kronik bir bi\u00e7imde so\u011fuk ve s\u0131ca\u011fa hassasiyet ba\u015flar.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Derin donuk (3 ve 4. derece donma)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0130lk iki donma a\u015famas\u0131ndan kurtulma \u015fans\u0131 bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011funuz \u015fartlarda bir iyile\u015fme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda derin donuk &nbsp;geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. Bu s\u00fcre baz\u0131 durumlarda 1 saati bile bulmayabilir. Kaslar, tendonlar, kan damarlar\u0131 ve sinirler donar. Deri sert, balmumuna benzer bir hal al\u0131r. Mor renkte g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flayan su kabarc\u0131klar\u0131, koyu bir renk al\u0131r ve genelde i\u00e7leri p\u0131ht\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f kanla doludur. \u0130leri derecelerdeki vakalarda kangren geli\u015fmi\u015f ve uzuvlar kesilerek tedavi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tedavi imkan\u0131 olmayan durumlarda kangren enfeksiyona yol a\u00e7makta, hastan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebebiyet vermektedir. Hasta enfeksiyon kapmayacak kadar \u015fansl\u0131 ise donan uzuv kendili\u011finden d\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Risk Fakt\u00f6rleri<\/strong><\/p><p>Diyabet hastalar\u0131, sinir sistemi hastalar\u0131 ve beta blocker ihtiva eden ila\u00e7 kullanan kalp hastalar\u0131 donmaya kar\u015f\u0131 daha korumas\u0131z&nbsp;olur&nbsp;ve daha \u00e7ok etkilenirler. Sigara, alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131 damarlara olumsuz etkisi ve kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatmalar\u0131 sebebiyle riski artt\u0131ran fakt\u00f6rlerdir.<\/p><p><strong>Sebepler<\/strong><\/p><p>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fu\u011fa maruz kalmak, yetersiz giysiler, \u0131slak giysi,&nbsp;wind chill&nbsp;ve zay\u0131f kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebeplerdir. Kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015flatan sebepler dar elbiseler, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f tozluk, \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bot, yorgunluk, \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klar (\u015feker, kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131, vs.), alkol ve sigarad\u0131r.<\/p><p><strong>Tedavi \u2013 \u0130lkyard\u0131m<\/strong><\/p><p>Hasta hipotermi ge\u00e7iriyorsa\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/04\/19\/hipotermi-nedir-nasil-onlenir-ve-tedavi-edilir\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/04\/19\/hipotermi-nedir-nasil-onlenir-ve-tedavi-edilir\/\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">hipotermi tedavisi<\/mark><\/strong><\/a>ne\u00a0ba\u015flanmal\u0131, e\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak donuk tedavisini de ba\u015flatmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Donu\u011fa maruz kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeyi s\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk maddelerle temas ettirmeyin. S\u0131cak veya so\u011fuk direkt uygulan\u0131rsa kan damarlar\u0131 zarar g\u00f6recek ve kangren ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r. Donmaya maruz kalan b\u00f6lgeyi hemen kuru, y\u00fcnl\u00fc veya pamuklu k\u0131yafetler\/\u00f6rt\u00fcler \u00f6rterek \u0131s\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n. Donan b\u00f6lgeyi hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde hareket ettirmeyin, ovmay\u0131n. Dokunun i\u00e7indeki buz kristalleri sinir ve damarlara zarar verecektir.\u00a0Uygulanacak ilk tedavi daha \u00e7ok donan b\u00f6lgeyi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131p, buzlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><p>\u0130ki tip \u0131s\u0131tma \u015fekli vard\u0131r.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pasif \u0131s\u0131tma<\/strong>&nbsp;hasta kendi v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 ve normal bir oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi kendine \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 beklenir. Hastay\u0131 battaniyeye sar\u0131n ve ne \u00e7ok s\u0131cak ne de \u00e7ok so\u011fuk olmayan normal bir s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki odaya ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131n. Da\u011f evi, k\u00f6y,&nbsp;yerle\u015fim yerlerine ula\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z durumlarda iyi izole edilmi\u015f bir \u00e7ad\u0131rda da bu i\u015flem yap\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Aktif \u0131s\u0131tma<\/strong>&nbsp;pasif \u0131s\u0131tmaya ek olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Hasta 40 \u2013 45 santigrat derecede \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f banyo suyu ile y\u0131kan\u0131r.Y\u0131kanman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda lokal olarak b\u00f6lgenin \u0131l\u0131k su ile buzlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcnceye kadar (yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m saat) temas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok vakit kaybetmeden bu i\u015fleme ge\u00e7ilebilirse, donmu\u015f b\u00f6lgedeki doku kayb\u0131 minimuma indirgenebilir, tekrar kan dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flanabilir. E\u011fer hastay\u0131 da\u011fdan indirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011filse,&nbsp;aktif \u0131s\u0131tma y\u00f6ntemi&nbsp;<strong>uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. Is\u0131t\u0131lan b\u00f6lge donmaya kar\u015f\u0131 korumas\u0131zd\u0131r ve muhtemelen tekrar donacakt\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-right kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;right&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;3055&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Oylama Yap&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Da\u011fc\u0131l\u0131kta donmada ilkyard\u0131m !! Lokal Donma nas\u0131l ba\u015flar ?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Oylama Yap<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Medikal terminolojide donuk (\u0130ngilizcesi frostbite) olarak ge\u00e7en lokal donma, da\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almad\u0131\u011f\u0131, gereksiz risklere girdiklerinde ba\u015flar\u0131na gelen, parmak, el,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":990005,"featured_media":3056,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dagcilik","category-tirmanis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/990005"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3055"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3055\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3066,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3055\/revisions\/3066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3055"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}