{"id":3590,"date":"2023-04-26T13:59:51","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T10:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/?p=3590"},"modified":"2023-04-26T13:59:52","modified_gmt":"2023-04-26T10:59:52","slug":"kopegin-kokeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/04\/26\/kopegin-kokeni\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00d6PE\u011e\u0130N K\u00d6KEN\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

Do\u011faya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrde hayvan ve \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6pek g\u00f6rmekteyiz. \u0130nsanlar kendi ama\u00e7 ve be\u011fenilerine g\u00f6re bu de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrlere y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, bunlardan herhangi birini se\u00e7ip, yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f ve \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Ancak k\u00f6pe\u011fin ge\u00e7mi\u015fine y\u00f6nelip ilk atay\u0131 belirlemek istedi\u011fimizde belli bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki k\u00f6pek t\u00fcrleri, di\u011fer baz\u0131 hayvan t\u00fcrlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclenden olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r. K\u00f6pe\u011fin d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki y\u00fcz dolay\u0131ndaki evcil t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yaban\u0131l t\u00fcrleri ve ayn\u0131 k\u00fcme i\u00e7inde an\u0131labilecek aile \u00fcyeleri bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00f6pek, memeli hayvanlar\u0131n etoburlar s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n canidae k\u00fcmesinde yer al\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn ilk atas\u0131 olarak, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan yirmi milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 var say\u0131lan “cynodictis” diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan canl\u0131, bacaklar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a k\u0131sa, daha yava\u015f hareket eden bir et yiyiciydi. Ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flayabilenlerin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilme olana\u011f\u0131 bulmas\u0131 sonucu ge\u00e7irilen do\u011fal seleksiyon ve evrimle, bu ailede baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015ftur. Genel olarak bug\u00fcn\u00fcn h\u0131zl\u0131 ve \u00e7evik olan \u00fcyeleri bu evrim sonucu \u00fcreyip da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Evrimin basamaklar\u0131 hen\u00fcz ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Bununla birlikte, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc k\u00f6pe\u011fe \u00e7ok benzeyen \u00f6rne\u011fin, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan bir milyon y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nceye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. \u0130lk k\u00f6pek – insan dostlu\u011fu Neolitik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerin yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda yar\u0131 vah\u015fi olarak ya\u015famakta olan k\u00f6pekler bulunmaktayd\u0131. Yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda elde edilen somut belgeler, Cilal\u0131ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 insan\u0131n\u0131n evcille\u015fmi\u015f k\u00f6pe\u011fe sahip oldu\u011funu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. Bu belgelerin en eskisi, M.\u00d6. 7000 y\u0131l\u0131na aittir, yani g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden dokuz bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine uzanmaktad\u0131r. Evcille\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci sonunda insano\u011flu, k\u00f6pe\u011fi, baz\u0131 gereksinmelerini kar\u015f\u0131lamada yararl\u0131 bir hayvan haline getirdi. Evcil k\u00f6pek, daha Cilal\u0131ta\u015f devrinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kaz\u0131klar \u00fcst\u00fcndeki evlerde, \u00e7akala benzeyen bir t\u00fcr k\u00f6pek (Canis paiustris) besleniyordu. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7oban k\u00f6peklerinin atalar\u0131n\u0131n izlerine, Bronz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 insanlar\u0131ndan kalma konutlardaki kal\u0131nt\u0131lar aras\u0131nda rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Ama k\u00f6pek t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki geli\u015fmi\u015f evresine ula\u015ft\u0131ran olalar \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r; \u00fcstelik Avustralya’da ya\u015fayan dingolar gibi evcille\u015ftirildikten sonra yeniden vah\u015fi ya\u015fama d\u00f6nen baz\u0131 hayvanlar nedeniyle, olay daha da karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u00f6pek genel olarak, kurt \u00e7akal ve tilkilerle akrabad\u0131r. K\u00f6pe\u011fin ger\u00e7ek kurt “un de\u011filse bile Avrupa ile Asya kurdu soyundan geldi\u011fi san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6pekler, kurtlar ve \u00e7akallar \u00e7iftle\u015fir ve d\u00f6l verirlerse de, kendilerinden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 bulunan tilkilere pek yakla\u015famazlar. Yine, do\u011furduklar\u0131 yavru say\u0131s\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok kurtlara yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6sterirler. Do\u011fadaki vah\u015fi k\u00f6pek t\u00fcrlerinin kurtlarla \u00e7iftle\u015fmeye girmesinden ba\u015fka, insano\u011flu da amac\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7iftle\u015fmeler ve melezlemeler yapa gelmi\u015ftir. \u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7ok \u00f6nceleri, k\u00f6pekler, irilik ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere g\u00f6re \u00e7iftle\u015ftirilirdi. Burada daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6renekler ve \u00fcreticinin kendi g\u00f6zlemleri ile deneyimleri rol oynard\u0131.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eskimolar k\u0131zak k\u00f6peklerinin cinsini d\u00fczeltmek istediklerinde, kendi evcil di\u015fi k\u00f6peklerini, kurtlarda kayna\u015fan b\u00f6lgede bir yere ba\u011flarlar ve bir s\u00fcre onu orada b\u0131rak\u0131rlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7iftle\u015ftirdikleri hayvandan ald\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6llerin kan\u0131 yenilenmi\u015f, yeni vas\u0131flar kazanm\u0131\u015f olurdu. Eskimolar\u0131n yavru olarak bulduklar\u0131 kurtlar\u0131 evcille\u015ftirdikleri ve onlar\u0131 k\u0131zak k\u00f6pe\u011fi gibi kulland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Xenophon’un (M.\u00d6. 430 – 355) k\u00f6pek \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kitapta, g\u00f6vde yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 irile\u015ftirme y\u00f6ntemleri anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sonu\u00e7 olarak, genetik \u00f6zellikleri bilinmemesine kar\u015f\u0131n, insano\u011flu amac\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u00f6pek yeti\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n tarihin eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131ndan beri s\u00fcrd\u00fcre gelmi\u015f ve bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7oban k\u00f6pekleri, yar\u0131\u015f k\u00f6pekleri, ev k\u00f6pekleri, bek\u00e7i k\u00f6pekleri, k\u0131zak ve araba \u00e7eken k\u00f6pekler, polis ve sava\u015f k\u00f6pekleri, sirk k\u00f6pekleri, s\u00fcs ve salon k\u00f6pekleri aras\u0131nda yer alan bir\u00e7ok se\u00e7kin t\u00fcr say\u0131labilir.<\/p>

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\n Oylama Yap<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do\u011faya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrde hayvan ve \u00f6zellikle k\u00f6pek g\u00f6rmekteyiz. \u0130nsanlar kendi ama\u00e7 ve be\u011fenilerine g\u00f6re bu de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrlere…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":990005,"featured_media":3591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pet-shop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/990005"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3590"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3593,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3590\/revisions\/3593"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3591"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}