{"id":3772,"date":"2023-04-28T16:07:22","date_gmt":"2023-04-28T13:07:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/?p=3772"},"modified":"2023-04-28T16:07:23","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T13:07:23","slug":"teleskoplar-hakkinda-temel-bilgiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/04\/28\/teleskoplar-hakkinda-temel-bilgiler\/","title":{"rendered":"TELESKOPLAR HAKKINDA TEMEL B\u0130LG\u0130LER"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanlar ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bu yona g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne merak duydu, her g\u00fcn do\u011fup batan G\u00fcne\u015f’i, geceleri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri kaybolan Ay’\u0131 ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlemleri \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle yap\u0131l\u0131rken teknolojinin geli\u015fmesiyle birlikte bu ama\u00e7la teleskoplar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Teleskoplar zaman i\u00e7inde g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlemini G\u00fcne\u015f, Ay ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u00e7er\u00e7eveden \u00e7\u0131kararak di\u011fer gezegenleri, g\u00f6k odalar\u0131, bulutsular\u0131 ve daha bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6k cismini incelememizi sa\u011flad\u0131. Peki teleskobun ne zaman icat edildi\u011fini, mucidinin kim oldu\u011funu merak ediyor musunuz? Gelin \u015fimdi g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131lan pencereler olan teleskoplar\u0131n icat hikayesine daha yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.
Teleskop Nedir?
Teleskop \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek kadar uzakta olan cisimleri g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ayg\u0131tt\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n teleskop t\u00fcr\u00fc olan optik teleskoplar, uzaktaki cisimlerden gelen g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 toplar ve bu \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 odaklayarak cisimlerin b\u00fcy\u00fclt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinin elde edilmesini sa\u011flar. Ancak radyo dalgalar\u0131, X \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131, mor\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar gibi insan g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn alg\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m t\u00fcrlerini toplayan teleskoplar do vard\u0131r.<\/p>

Teleskobu Kim Buldu? \u0130lk Teleskop<\/strong><\/p>

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinde teleskobu icat etti\u011fini iddia eden \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015fi olmu\u015fsa da teleskopla ilgili ilk patent ba\u015fvurusunun 1608 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hollandal\u0131 g\u00f6zl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc Hans Lippershey taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Bu nedenle bir\u00e7ok tarih\u00e7iye g\u00f6re, teleskobun mucidi Hans Lippershey’dir. Lippershey biri i\u00e7b\u00fckey (ortas\u0131 kenarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha ince olan mercek), di\u011feri d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey (ortas\u0131 kenarlar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha kal\u0131n olan mercek) olmak \u00fczere iki merce\u011fi uzun bir t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirerek ilk teleskobu yapt\u0131. Lippershey\u2019in teleskobu nesneleri \u00fc\u00e7 kat b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcyordu. Teleskop \u00fczerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na devam eden Lippershey, Hollanda h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli teleskoplar yapt\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir servet kazand\u0131.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Galileo Teleskobunu G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00c7eviriyor <\/strong><\/p>

Lippershey\u2019in ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zla farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde teleskop \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirenlerden biri de \u0130talyan bilim insan\u0131 Galileo Galilei\u2019ydi. Galileo, 1609 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lippershey\u2019in teleskobunu geli\u015ftirdi ve teleskobu g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlemi i\u00e7in kullanan ilk ki\u015fi oldu. Galileo 30 kat b\u00fcy\u00fctme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip teleskobuyla Ay\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerindeki kraterleri g\u00f6zlemledi, J\u00fcpiter\u2019in d\u00f6rt uydusunu ve Sat\u00fcrn\u2019\u00fcn halkalar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti, ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6k adam\u0131zda \u00e7ok say\u0131da y\u0131ld\u0131z bulundu\u011funu ve D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f etraf\u0131ndaki bir y\u00f6r\u00fcngede doland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirledi.<\/p>

AYNALI-YANSIMALI (REFLEKT\u00d6R) TELESKOPLAR<\/strong><\/p>

Newtonian Tip<\/p>

I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n biri b\u00fcy\u00fck konkav parabolik, di\u011feri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fcz iki aynadan yans\u0131yarak g\u00f6zmerce\u011fine eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan yap\u0131daki teleskoplard\u0131r.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

* \u00c7ift aynal\u0131 katadioptrik ve refrakt\u00f6r teleskoplardan daha uygun fiyatl\u0131 se\u00e7eneklerdir.<\/p>

* 1000 mm odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar portatif ve kompakt yap\u0131 sunarlar.<\/p>

* H\u0131zl\u0131 f:4 ve f:5 odak uzakl\u0131klar\u0131nda galaksiler gibi derin uzay cisimleri i\u00e7in idealdirler.<\/p>

* Parlak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>

* Fotograf i\u00e7in katadioptrikler kadar olmasa da verimlidirler.<\/p>

Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

* Yery\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlemleri i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fillerdir<\/p>

* Fotografide g\u00f6r\u00fclen kenarlarda sa\u00e7\u0131lma etkisi  ayr\u0131 merceklerle giderilmelidir.<\/p>

KATAD\u0130OPTR\u0130K T\u0130PLER<\/strong><\/p>

Hem k\u00fcresel ve d\u00fcz aynalar , hem de mercek kullanan yap\u0131dad\u0131rlar. Schmidt-Cassegrain ve Maksutov tipleri bulunur.<\/p>

Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

* Genel ve \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in idealdirler.<\/p>

* Odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re t\u00fcp boylar\u0131 k\u0131sa oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in portatiftirler.<\/p>

* Geni\u015f a\u00e7\u0131da keskin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sunarlar.<\/p>

* Ay, gezegen ve derin uzay g\u00f6zlemleri yan\u0131s\u0131ra yery\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6zlemleri i\u00e7in de idealdirler.<\/p>

* Astro fotograf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in geni\u015f olanak sunarlar.<\/p>

* Kapal\u0131 t\u00fcp tasar\u0131m\u0131 bak\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>

* Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ayarlamas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>

Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

* Newton tipi teleskoplardan daha pahal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>

* \u0130kinci ayna nedeni ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarda \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayb\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Schmidt-Cassegrain Tip<\/strong><\/p>

T\u00fcp\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde ince optik d\u00fczeltici mercek bulunur. \u0130kincil ayna bu merce\u011fin arkas\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131 bir aynad\u0131r.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Maksutov-Cassegrain Tip<\/strong><\/p>

T\u00fcp\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde kal\u0131n optik d\u00fczeltici menisk\u00fcs mercek bulunur. \u0130kincil ayna bu merce\u011fin arka y\u00fczeyindeki bir noktad\u0131r.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

MERCEKL\u0130-KIRILIMLI (REFRAKT\u00d6R) TELESKOPLAR<\/strong><\/p>

I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir veya birka\u00e7 mercekten ge\u00e7erek g\u00f6z merce\u011fine eri\u015fti\u011fi teleskoplard\u0131r.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Avantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

* \u00c7ok az bak\u0131m gerektirirler.<\/p>

* \u00d6zellikle Apokromatik olanlar\u0131 son derece keskin ve kaliteli g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sunarlar.<\/p>

* Kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>

Dezavantajlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

* \u00c7ap oran\u0131 baz\u0131nda di\u011fer modellere g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha pahal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>

* Di\u011fer modellere g\u00f6re daha uzun ve a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131rlar.<\/p>

* APO ve ED objektif mercekleri olmayanlarda genellikle renk sapmas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>

* Genellikle uzun odak uzakl\u0131\u011fa sahiptirler.<\/p>

TEMEL BAZI \u00d6ZELL\u0130KLER<\/strong><\/p>

I\u015eIK TOPLAMA G\u00dcC\u00dc<\/strong><\/p>

Bir teleskopun en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biridir. Ayna ya da mercek \u00e7ap\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Daha geni\u015f \u00e7ap daha fazla \u0131\u015f\u0131k toplar. S\u00f6n\u00fck g\u00f6k cisimlerinin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 ayna ya da mercekle daha etkin toplan\u0131r.<\/p>

\u00c7\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcRL\u00dcK<\/strong><\/p>

Bir teleskopun detaylar\u0131 ne derece keskin g\u00f6sterdi\u011finin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcd\u00fcr. Y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, g\u00f6k cisimlerinin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 daha net ortaya koyar. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck, yay derecesi, yay dakikas\u0131 veya yay saniyesi cinsinden belirtilir. 1 yay derecesi 60 yay dakikas\u0131na, 3600 yay saniyesine e\u015fittir. 1 yay saniye \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck 1\/3600 dereceye kar\u015f\u0131 gelir.<\/p>

B\u00dcY\u00dcTME<\/strong><\/p>

Teleskopun g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak da belirtilen birimdir. Teleskopun birincil ayna ya da merce\u011finin odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n , g\u00f6zmerce\u011finin odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na oran\u0131 ile belirlenir. Uygun b\u00fcy\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fc, birincil ayna ya da merce\u011fin inch cinsinden \u00e7ap\u0131n\u0131n 60 kat\u0131 kadard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 8 inch’lik bir teleskopun yararl\u0131 en y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fc 480X olarak ifade edilebilir. 2000 mm odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip bir teleskopla 25 mm odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir g\u00f6z merce\u011fi kullan\u0131rsak, b\u00fcy\u00fctme g\u00fcc\u00fc=2000\/25 = 80 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

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\n Oylama Yap<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130nsanlar ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bu yona g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne merak duydu, her g\u00fcn do\u011fup batan G\u00fcne\u015f’i, geceleri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcp g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri kaybolan Ay’\u0131 ve y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlemeye…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":990005,"featured_media":3779,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,645,16,646],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kampcilik","category-makale","category-teknoloji","category-urun-incelemesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/990005"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3772"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3781,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772\/revisions\/3781"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}