{"id":3874,"date":"2023-04-29T15:43:36","date_gmt":"2023-04-29T12:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/?p=3874"},"modified":"2023-04-29T15:43:37","modified_gmt":"2023-04-29T12:43:37","slug":"bushcraft-bicak-modelleri-ve-anatomisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/04\/29\/bushcraft-bicak-modelleri-ve-anatomisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bushcraft B\u0131\u00e7ak Modelleri ve Anatomisi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0genel anlamda “Do\u011fada Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame” durumu \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek, bir insan\u0131n do\u011fada hayat\u0131n\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fiziki \u015fart ve iklimde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi yolunda kullanabilece\u011fi t\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklere sahip, uygun anatomide ve materyallerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n anatomisi ve t\u00fcm \u00f6zellikleri do\u011fada arazi \u015fartlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok kaba, fiziki dirayet gerektirecek dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131kta olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ok hassas i\u015flere de hizmet edecek anatomiye sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yani, bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak batoning (kama yarma tekni\u011fi) tekni\u011fi ile k\u00fct\u00fck yarma gibi dirayet gerektiren bir i\u015fi yapabilirken, deri y\u00fczme gibi hassas i\u015fleri dahi yapabilmenize olanak sa\u011flayacak \u00f6zellikleri bir arada ta\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Do\u011fada kullan\u0131ma uygun olmayan veya gerekli yeterliliklere uygun oranlarda sahip olmayan bir b\u0131\u00e7ak do\u011fada sizi hi\u00e7 ummad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir anda y\u00fcz \u00fcst\u00fc b\u0131rakabilir. Nas\u0131l ki, benzinli motora dizel yak\u0131t kullanamazsan\u0131z (kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda sonu\u00e7 gayet nettir), bushcraft temelde bir fiil sergileme yolunda yard\u0131mc\u0131 ekipman olarak gerekli \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmayan veya farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmi\u015f bir b\u0131\u00e7ak ile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde ilerleyemezsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir fileto b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi et dokunun filetosunun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ise, en iyi filetonun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in gereken fiziki \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131mak durumundad\u0131r. Bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi do\u011fada arazi \u015fartlar\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyaca genel anlamda iyi \u015fekilde hizmet etmek ise, do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame \u015fartlar\u0131nda en iyi \u015fekilde hizmet verebilmek i\u00e7in gereken fiziki \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131mak durumundad\u0131r.<\/p>

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ger\u00e7ek bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n temel fiziki \u00f6zellikleri beraberinde, anatomisini ba\u015fl\u0131klar alt\u0131nda inceleyece\u011fiz;

1- Y\u00fcksek Darbe Dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00c7elik G\u00f6vde :<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>

Do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131nda do\u011fa \u015fartlar\u0131nda ve genel anlamda sert ko\u015fullarda kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi (sap ve namlu b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc) iyi i\u015flenmi\u015f, suyu do\u011fru \u015fekilde verilerek sertli\u011fi do\u011fru \u015fekilde dengelenmi\u015f, sertlik derecesi do\u011fru \u015fekilde ayarlanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fcksek darbe dayan\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eliklerden imal edilmelidir. Bu \u00e7elikler hem sert ko\u015fullara dirayetli, hem de keskinli\u011fini uzun s\u00fcre koruyan ve iyi kesen \u00e7elikler olmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131 genel anlamda, deri y\u00fczmek, parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131za saplanan bir dikeni \u00e7\u0131kartmak i\u00e7in dokuda s\u00fctur gerektirmeyecek kesi atma gibi i\u015flemlerde gerekli hassasiyetinden tutun da, yar\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yarma i\u015fleminde gereken fiziki dirayete de sahip olmak durumundad\u0131rlar.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131m hedeflenen bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek fiziki dayan\u0131m, dirayet \u00f6zellikleri, y\u00fcksek karbon elementi oran\u0131 ve element yap\u0131lar\u0131 nedeni ile en \u00e7ok tercih edilen \u00e7elik tipleri, “y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7elik” tipleridir. Fakat, baz\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7ak ustalar\u0131 veya do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idameciler kendilerince paslanmaz \u00e7elik tipleri, yar\u0131 paslanmaz \u00e7elik tipleri veya tak\u0131m \u00e7eliklerini de tercih etmektedirler. O1, D2, A2, A8 vb. \u00e7elik tiplerini tak\u0131m \u00e7elikleri serisinde bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak yap\u0131m\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirmek bir\u00e7ok \u00f6zellikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok mant\u0131kl\u0131 olsa da, tam paslanmaz \u00e7elikleri y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7elik tipleri veya tak\u0131m \u00e7eliklerine tercih etmek kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tercihine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterebilir. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7eliklerin en \u00e7ok g\u00f6ze batan dezavantajlar\u0131 \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 oksidasyona u\u011frama (genel anlamda paslanma) ve bu ba\u011flamda korozyona u\u011frama durumlar\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat do\u011fru kullan\u0131m ve bak\u0131m \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda karbon \u00e7elikleri ve tak\u0131m \u00e7elikleri kesinlikle paslanma yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi, do\u011fa \u015fartlar\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek fiziki dayan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6stererek, en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131k ve uzun s\u00fcreli keskinlik koruma durumunu sunan altarnetifler olarak kendilerini ispatlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ki, do\u011fru kullan\u0131m gere\u011fi, sadece b\u0131\u00e7ak de\u011fil, herhangi bir metal ekipman\u0131n (paslanmaz dahi olsa) \u0131slak ortamda kulland\u0131ktan sonra hemen kurulanmas\u0131 ve uygun \u015fekilde muhafaza edilmesi gerekmektedir. Karbon oran\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek seri \u00e7eliklerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u0131\u00e7ak veya ekipmanlar suyla temas eder etmez paslanmazlar. Paslanman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in uzun s\u00fcreli olarak \u0131slak kalmalar\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

Pas, genel olarak hava ve su ortam\u0131nda olu\u015fan demir (Fe) ve oksijen (O) molek\u00fcllerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bile\u015fiklerin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Pas, ayn\u0131 zamanda demir veya demirin “\u00e7elik” gibi ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n korozyonu sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan durum i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan genel anlat\u0131md\u0131r. Yani, paslanman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in demir, \u00e7elik veya herhangi bir ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 metalin \u0131slak kalmas\u0131 gerekmez. “Atmosferik oksidasyon” olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan durum, genel olarak metaldeki demir(Fe) elementinin atmosferdeki oksijen (oksijen) elementi ile tepkimeye girmesi sonucu olu\u015fan bile\u015fi\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile, bu n\u00fcanslar\u0131 da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekti\u011fi gibi, sadece ala\u015f\u0131m konsantrasyonu \u00fczerinden paslanmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, s\u00f6z konusu paslanmaz \u00e7elik t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn molek\u00fcler a\u00e7\u0131dan ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za olmas\u0131 gereken yeterlilikte hizmet edip etmeyece\u011fi de kesinlikle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir.
     K\u0131saca, bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklarda birincil olarak kesinlikle y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7elikler ve yar\u0131 paslanmaz tak\u0131m \u00e7elikleri tercih edilmektedir. Tabii ki, bu noktada “Bu \u00e7elik t\u00fcr\u00fcnden kesinlikle bushcraft anatomide b\u0131\u00e7ak olmaz.” gibi kemikle\u015fmi\u015f k\u0131staslar koymak \u00e7ok s\u0131\u011f ve y\u00fczeysel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olur. B\u00f6yle bir anlat\u0131mda, “bilimsel” verilerin matematiksel de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirtilmesi, sebep\/sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin net \u015fekilde ortaya konulmas\u0131 gerekir. Konumuz bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik t\u00fcrlerinin \u00f6zelliklerini genel olarak belirtmek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, konunun en keskin hatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve “olmazsa olmazlar\u0131n\u0131” bu \u015fekilde belirtmi\u015f olduk. Bushcraft temelde bir b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yapan usta ve yapt\u0131ran ki\u015fi kendi aralar\u0131nda bu k\u0131staslar i\u00e7erisinden alternatifleri de\u011ferlendirerek en do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya karar vermelidirler. Fakat, tekrar belirtmek gerekirse, bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak \u00fcretiminde y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7elik serisi ve belli ba\u015fl\u0131 tak\u0131m \u00e7elikleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar en \u00e7ok tercih edilmi\u015f alternatifler olarak kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>

Y\u00fcksek karbonlu \u00e7eliklerin h\u0131zl\u0131 paslanma \u00f6zelliklerini tek a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirerek (ki en \u00e7ok g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan dezavantajlar\u0131 bu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00e7etin do\u011fa \u015fartlar\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek fiziki dirayeti g\u00f6steren molek\u00fcler yap\u0131ya sahip \u00e7elik t\u00fcrleri olarak kendilerini ispatlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r), paslanmaz ama daha gev\u015fek molek\u00fcler yap\u0131ya sahip (yumu\u015fak) \u00e7eliklerin de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nmas\u0131 uygulamada \u00e7ok da mant\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Genel hatlar\u0131 ile bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak \u00e7elip tipleri \u00fczerine en can al\u0131c\u0131 n\u00fcanslar\u0131 belirttik. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, “\u015fu \u00e7elik en iyisidir, bu \u00e7elik \u015fu \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r” gibi anlat\u0131mlar ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye, ustadan ustaya de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fi i\u00e7in g\u00f6receli bir anlat\u0131m olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi genel hatlar\u0131 ile konu ile ilgili en do\u011fru tan\u0131y\u0131 vurgulayarak se\u00e7imi bilimsel do\u011frular\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmalar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 ile b\u0131\u00e7ak yapt\u0131racak ki\u015fi ve b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yapacak ustaya b\u0131rakmam\u0131n en do\u011frusu oldu\u011funu belirtmemiz gerekir.
     \u00c7elik se\u00e7iminde amaca uygunluk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru karar vermenin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, \u00e7eli\u011fi i\u015fleyen ustan\u0131n deneyimi ve \u00e7eli\u011fe do\u011fru \u015fekilde amaca uygunluk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde do\u011fru parametreler e\u015fli\u011finde su vermesi ile \u00e7eli\u011fi olmas\u0131 gereken derecede sertle\u015ftirmesi gerekmektedir. Haddinden fazla sertle\u015ftirilen \u00e7elik “k\u0131r\u0131lgan” yap\u0131da olaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, haddinden az sertle\u015ftirilen veya temperleme i\u015flemi do\u011fru yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7elik olmas\u0131 gerekenden \u00e7ok daha yumu\u015fak kalarak keskinlik tutmayabilir, yahut yap\u0131lan b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk d\u00f6nebilir.<\/p>

Bu n\u00fcanslar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak, bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lacak \u00e7eli\u011fin yukar\u0131da belirtilen n\u00fcanslar baz\u0131nda do\u011fru se\u00e7ilmesi ve en do\u011fru \u015fekilde i\u015flenmesi en \u00f6nemli \u015fartlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.

2- Full Tang (Yekpare G\u00f6vde) :<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>

En a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlarda kullan\u0131m amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n hem dengesi, hem sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k ve sap-namlu ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131) a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yekpare g\u00f6vde \u00fczerine sap malzemesinin sabitlenmesi ile haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gereklidir. Yekpare g\u00f6vde (Full Tang) \u00f6zelliklerini aratmayacak sa\u011flaml\u0131k ve dengede, istisnai metodlarla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f gizli kuyruk vb. b\u0131\u00e7ak modelleri bulunabilse de, dikkat ederseniz “yekpare g\u00f6vdenin \u00f6zelliklerini aratmayacak sa\u011flaml\u0131k ve dengede” ifadesini vurgulad\u0131k. Bu birebir yekpare g\u00f6vde ile ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelliktedir anlam\u0131na gelmemekle, “tercih edilebilir” anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131p, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse yekpare g\u00f6vdeyi \u00f6ncelikli tercih etmelisiniz anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda yar\u0131m g\u00f6vde (Half Tang) tipteki, \u00e7ak\u0131 tabir edilen katlanabilir b\u0131\u00e7aklar hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131m konusunda kesinlikle tercih edilmemelidir. (Kamp\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, izcilik vb. bran\u015flar\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmamak gerekti\u011fini vurgulayarak, do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame durumunu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak \u00e7ak\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bran\u015f\u0131n uygulama ortam\u0131ndaki fiziki \u015fartlara uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek ve g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir.)
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Basit bir \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7\u0131klayacak olursak, batoning (kama yarma tekni\u011fi) tekni\u011fi kullanarak kuru bir k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yarmak i\u00e7in dikine pozisyonda yar\u0131lacak k\u00fct\u00fc\u011fe dayay\u0131p b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na sert\/a\u011f\u0131r bir materyalle vurmak suretiyle uygulama yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u015fayet half tang \/ folder knife (yar\u0131m g\u00f6vde) veya gizli kuyruk (fixed light \/ hidden tail) tipte bir b\u0131\u00e7ak ise, namlu s\u0131rt\u0131na yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z vuru\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda tokmak ile s\u0131rt aras\u0131nda dengesiz a\u00e7\u0131 yapacak \u015fekilde bir tutu\u015f sergilerseniz b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kabzas\u0131 ile namlusunun k\u0131r\u0131larak birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 an meselesidir. Yekpare g\u00f6vde bir b\u0131\u00e7akta bunu ya\u015faman\u0131z muhtemel bir durum de\u011fildir.
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0K\u0131saca, do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame bran\u015f\u0131 temelinde kullan\u0131m hedeflenen b\u0131\u00e7ak tiplerinin kesinlikle yekpare g\u00f6vde (Full Tang) olmas\u0131 tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>

3- S\u0131rt Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015eekli :<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>

Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131rt kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fiziki ko\u015fulda hizmet verece\u011fi i\u00e7in 3,5 – 4 mm den daha ince yap\u0131da olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. (Bu noktada tercih edilmesi gereken minimum kal\u0131nl\u0131k 3,5 mm ‘dir ki, bir hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n standart kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 mm ‘dir diyebiliriz.) Tabii ki, daha kal\u0131n s\u0131rtl\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7aklar tercih edilebilir, fakat gereksiz a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ve hantal bir b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomisinden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131rt d\u00fcz satha sahip olup (g\u00f6rsel ama\u00e7l\u0131 keski i\u015flemeleri yap\u0131labilir), t\u00fcm tutu\u015f tekniklerini uygulama durumumuz oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in s\u0131rtta testere a\u011f\u0131z (serrated blade) uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirecek olursak, halen bushcraft (do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame disiplini) b\u0131\u00e7ak tipleri ile bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 amaca hizmet i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik anatomilerde \u00fcretilen taktik b\u0131\u00e7ak tipleri birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fclkemizde TSK’n\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Halmak modeli b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomisi zaman\u0131nda tamamen askeri taktik b\u0131\u00e7ak olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ve kullan\u0131ma sunulmu\u015ftur.(Halmak modeli bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir.). Buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, s\u0131rtta olu\u015fturulan “serrated blade” olarak tasarlanan a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131 bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7akta olacak olursa, kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlayan bir \u00f6zellik eklenmi\u015f olur ki, bu \u00f6zellik bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak i\u00e7in\u00a0dezavantajd\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rnek durumu k\u0131saca a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r; do\u011fada uzun s\u00fcreli konaklayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in kal\u0131c\u0131 bir bar\u0131nak modeli in\u015fa edeceksiniz veya yap\u0131m\u0131 5-6 saat s\u00fcrecek ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir a\u011fa\u00e7 ekipman yapman\u0131z gerekiyor ki, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcreli b\u0131\u00e7ak kullanacaks\u0131n\u0131z. \u015eimdi, bu a\u015famada bir\u00e7ok b\u0131\u00e7ak kesi\u015f tekni\u011fi kullanman\u0131z gerekecektir ki, \u00f6zellikle ince i\u015f\u00e7ilik gereken zamanlarda ba\u015f parmak namlu s\u0131rt deste\u011fi beraberinde bilekten \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma metodu \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. “Peki, s\u0131rt\u0131nda serrated blade (testere a\u011f\u0131z), ters yalanc\u0131 a\u011f\u0131z veya parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131za bat\u0131c\u0131 olabilecek bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olu\u015fturulmu\u015fsa nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirsiniz ?!” sorusu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Yani, “Amaca uygun ekipman ve optimum kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k” \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde buludurularak, amac\u0131n\u0131z do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame, uzun s\u00fcreli do\u011fa konaklamas\u0131 ise, kesinlikle kurallara uygun anatomide ger\u00e7ek bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011fa sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir. Namlu s\u0131rt\u0131na parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 destekleyici, kayma engelleyici (fakat uzun s\u00fcreli g\u00fc\u00e7\/destek gerektiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda parma\u011fa zarar vermeyecek \u00f6zellikte) alternatif \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, s\u0131rt desenleri yap\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, magnezyum \u00e7ubuk ate\u015fleyici olarak a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm vb. alternatifler de olu\u015fturulabilir. Fakat, do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame durumunda ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lara hizmet i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 model taktik b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomisinin gereksiz \u00f6zelliklerini ta\u015f\u0131yan b\u0131\u00e7aklar, \u00fcretimde ama\u00e7 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, kendi hizmet ama\u00e7lar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik farkl\u0131 fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmalar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile arazi ortam\u0131nda size \u00e7e\u015fitli zorluklar \u00e7\u0131karma beraberinde k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 \u015fekilde hizmet edebileceklerdir ki, baz\u0131lar\u0131 sizi yar\u0131 yolda da b\u0131rakacakt\u0131r.<\/p>

K\u0131saca, bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomisinde s\u0131rt kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve anatomik yap\u0131 yukar\u0131da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere en do\u011fru \u015fekilde tasarlanmal\u0131, do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame temelinde kullan\u0131m s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekli olabilecek \u00f6zellikler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ama\u00e7tan saparak farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lara hizmette kullan\u0131lan b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomisi \u00f6zellikleri bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklara uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

4- Kesici A\u011f\u0131z ve Namlu Tipi :<\/u><\/strong> <\/p>

Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131nda kendini y\u0131llard\u0131r ispatlam\u0131\u015f a\u011f\u0131z \u015fekli Scandi Grind denilen \u0130skandinav tarz\u0131 tek a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 (simetrik) ve tek kesici a\u011fza sahip yap\u0131daki a\u011f\u0131z \u015fekli kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebebi, tek a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 ve d\u00fczlemsel kesici a\u011fza sahip oldu\u011fu, i\u00e7b\u00fckey\/d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey vb. hatlara sahip olmamas\u0131 beraberinde kolay bilenirli\u011fi yan\u0131nda do\u011fa \u015fartlar\u0131nda akarsu yataklar\u0131ndan temin edilebilecek su ta\u015flar\u0131 ile ya da \u00e7eli\u011fine uygun sertlikteki bir ta\u015fla bile a\u011fz\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmadan bileme \u015fans\u0131na sahip olabilmeniz, bunun yan\u0131nda bu a\u011f\u0131z \u015fekli yap\u0131s\u0131 itibariyle hassas kesicili\u011fe sahip ve keskinli\u011fini uzun s\u00fcre koruyabilen (do\u011fru kullan\u0131m ve muhafaza bu konuda \u00f6nemlidir) dirayetli yap\u0131ya sahip olmas\u0131ndand\u0131r. (Scandi a\u011f\u0131z formu bileme i\u015fleminde baz\u0131 di\u011fer a\u011f\u0131z formlar\u0131ndan daha geni\u015f satha sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle a\u015f\u0131nma direnci y\u00fcksek \u00e7eliklerde uzun s\u00fcrede bilense de, uzun s\u00fcre keskinli\u011fini korur. Bu durum da s\u0131k periyotlarla b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ta\u015fa yat\u0131rma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00f6zellikle bileme metotlar\u0131 \u00fczerine acemi bir ki\u015finin dahi a\u00e7\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmadan rahatl\u0131kla bileyebilece\u011fi bir kesici a\u011f\u0131z formudur.). Di\u011fer kesici a\u011f\u0131z tiplerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ikinci bir kesici a\u011f\u0131z (mercimek\/mikro a\u011f\u0131z gibi) bulundu\u011fu, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda i\u00e7b\u00fckey yanak bulundu\u011fu, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey yanak bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in ve kesici y\u00fczey bu tarza g\u00f6re daha az oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bilenmesi zamansal anlamda daha kolay olsa da daha az kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r ki, alternatif kullan\u0131m \u015fekillerine k\u0131yasla pek tercih edilmez. \u00d6rne\u011fin, hollow grind (i\u00e7b\u00fckey), convex grind (d\u0131\u015fb\u00fckey), full flat (komple d\u00fcz) vb. yanak ve kesici a\u011f\u0131z tipleri beraberinde, harici olarak mercimek a\u011f\u0131z dedi\u011fimiz ikinci kesici a\u011fza sahip b\u0131\u00e7ak tiplerini bilemek, scandi grind a\u011f\u0131z \u015fekline sahip bir b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bilemekten a\u00e7\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmama zorunlulu\u011fu \u00fczerine kat kat daha zordur. Kald\u0131 ki, s\u00f6z konusu bushcraft dahilinde do\u011fadaki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc olumsuz olabilecek sert ko\u015fullar\u0131 da i\u015fin i\u00e7ine katacak olursak, bir de bran\u015fa yeni ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, b\u0131\u00e7ak ve b\u0131\u00e7ak bileme konusunda yeterli yetkinlik\/tecr\u00fcbeye sahip olmayan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 varsa kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda, scandi grind d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmadan sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde bilemesi pek de m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ki\u015finin b\u0131\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine tecr\u00fcbesi ve kesi\u015f tekniklerine ne kadar hakim oldu\u011fu durumuna do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131, uygun a\u00e7\u0131da haz\u0131rlanacak bir scandi grind a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131 do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame temelinde kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in en sorun \u00e7\u0131karmayacak, en rahat kullan\u0131m sa\u011flayan, en i\u015f bitirici b\u0131\u00e7ak olarak hizmet edecektir. Scandi grind a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 genel anlamda en sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde 22\u00b0 ile 30\u00b0 aras\u0131nda hizmet vermektedir. Tabii ki bu a\u00e7\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n anatomisi, genel \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri, kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elik tipi, \u00e7eli\u011fin sertlik derecesi, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m tecr\u00fcbesi gibi parametrelere uygun \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ama scandi a\u011f\u0131z derecesi tamamen genelleyecek olursak; 25\u00b0- 27\u00b0 de\u011ferleri en kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 scandi a\u011f\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r denilebilir.<\/p>

Scandi grind a\u011f\u0131z \u015fekli d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bushcraft temelde kullan\u0131lacak b\u0131\u00e7aklarda kullan\u0131labilen ikinci bir a\u011f\u0131z tipi ise, full flat (komple d\u00fcz) a\u011f\u0131z dedi\u011fimiz, namlu s\u0131rt\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p kesici a\u011f\u0131z bitimine kadar d\u00fcmd\u00fcz (180\u00b0), ikinci bir a\u00e7\u0131 yapmayan, ikinci bir kesici a\u011f\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tam d\u00fcz kesici a\u011f\u0131z \u015feklidir. Bu a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7ak deneyimi y\u00fcksek, kesi\u015f tekniklerine \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde hakim, b\u0131\u00e7ak bileme tekniklerine \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde hakim ve ciddi anlamda tatbiki tecr\u00fcbeye sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n tercih edebilece\u011fi bir alternatiftir. (Fakat, do\u011fada sert ko\u015fullar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in scandi grind ilk \u00f6nceliktir.). Full flat a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131, scandi grind yap\u0131ya g\u00f6re s\u0131rttan ba\u015flay\u0131p ikinci bir a\u00e7\u0131 yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in sert kesi\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131, darbelere kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131rttan ba\u015flay\u0131p yava\u015f yava\u015f artan bir yast\u0131klama yap\u0131s\u0131na sahiptir. Bu durum scandi grind tipinde ise, s\u0131rttan ba\u015flay\u0131p scandi a\u011fz\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikinci a\u00e7\u0131 noktas\u0131na kadar stabil, sonras\u0131nda da yava\u015f yava\u015f artan bir yast\u0131klama sistemine sahiptir. (darbe emilimi, darbe absorbesi). Bunun yan\u0131nda, full flat a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131nda kesici a\u011f\u0131z, scandi grind a\u011fza g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha ince biti\u015f sergiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in, \u00e7eli\u011fe ne kadar iyi su verilmi\u015f olursa olsun her zaman \u00e7ok \u00e7ok daha hassas, ince yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile, k\u0131r\u0131lma riski, \u00e7entiklenme vb. riskler ince yap\u0131s\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, scandi grind a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha fazlad\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu anlat\u0131mlar do\u011frultusuna, scandi grind a\u011f\u0131z yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neden bushcraft temelde, do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131nda tercih edilmesi gereken ilk alternatif oldu\u011funu genel hatlar\u0131 ile g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oluyoruz. Zorunluluk halinde tabii ki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc alternatif de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Elinizde alternatif yok ise normal olarak eldeki imkan\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirsiniz. Fakat bir amaca y\u00f6nelik ekipman\u0131 kendini haz\u0131rl\u0131yor veya haz\u0131rlat\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu noktada en do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sergileyerek kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za optimumda hizmet edecek ekipman\u0131 hedeflemeniz olmas\u0131 gereken en mant\u0131kl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m \u015feklidir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, zorunluluk halinde yan\u0131n\u0131zda bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir anda do\u011fada mahsur kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hesap edecek olursak, do\u011fadaki do\u011fal materyallerden faydalanarak da hayatta kalmay\u0131 hedeflemek ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. (Obsidyen, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zelliklerde ta\u015flar, kemik, bambu benzeri bitki g\u00f6vdeleri vb. Ama elinizin alt\u0131nda alternatifiniz varsa, i\u015fin ba\u015f\u0131nda neden hataya d\u00fc\u015ferek ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za uygun olmayan se\u00e7imler \u00fczerine gidesiniz.).<\/p>

Do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131nda ikinci bir dikkat edilmesi gereken n\u00fcans ise, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kesici a\u011f\u0131z tipinin do\u011fa \u015fartlar\u0131nda hizmete optimumda uygunlu\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, namlu yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da ayn\u0131 \u015fartlarda hizmete optimumda uygunlu\u011funa \u00e7ok dikkat edilmesi gereklili\u011fidir. Do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame temelinde kullan\u0131lacak bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomisinin birincil namlu tipi alternatifi “Drop Point” namlu \u015feklidir. Bir\u00e7ok namlu \u00e7e\u015fidi i\u00e7erisinden “Drop Point” namlu se\u00e7iminin sebebi, bir\u00e7ok namlu karakteristi\u011fini bir arada bulundurma durumundan kaynakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Drop Point, hem hassas y\u00fczme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in dengeli k\u00fctl\u00fc\u011fe, delme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in dengeli sivrili\u011fe, kesme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in scandi tarz\u0131yla optimum keskinli\u011fe, tutu\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da optimum dengeye sahiptir. Bir Spear Point, Dagger vb. tarzdaki b\u0131\u00e7aklar delicilikte \u00f6n s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131rken, y\u00fczme i\u015finde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Bir Bowie tarz\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomik yap\u0131s\u0131 ve c\u00fcssesi ile bilekten sallama tekni\u011fiyle k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve delicili\u011fi y\u00fcksekse de hassasiyeti ve hassas i\u015flerde kullan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131nda Drop Point namlu ve Scandi A\u011f\u0131z \u015feklinin benimsenmi\u015f olma sebepleri a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f oluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 10 – 12 cm namlulu bir Hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ile do\u011fru teknik, malzeme ve do\u011fru kullan\u0131mla bir balta, khukuri, parang, machete, pala vb. tarzdaki ekipmalarla kesebilece\u011finiz koca bir a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rabilirsiniz. Ama bir hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131yla yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z hassas kesim i\u015flerini bir parangla yapamayabilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame noktas\u0131nda bize pratiklik ve optimum kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k gerekiyor ise, bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczerine do\u011fru se\u00e7imle Drop Point namlu yap\u0131s\u0131 beraberinde do\u011fru anatomi ve Scandi Grind a\u011f\u0131z se\u00e7iminde \u0131srarc\u0131 olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>

5- Sap (Kabza) Malzemesi ve \u015eekli :<\/u><\/strong> <\/p>

Do\u011fada Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n sap malzemeleri ki\u015finin kendisinin belirleyece\u011fi uygun bir\u00e7ok alternatif materyal kullan\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Ah\u015fap, Hayvansal Malzeme (Boynuz, Kemik vb.), Micarta vb. amaca ugun olan ve gerekli yeterlilikleri ta\u015f\u0131yan bir\u00e7ok alternatif materyal kullan\u0131labilir. Fakat kabzada kullan\u0131lacak malzeme \u0131s\u0131ya, \u0131slakl\u0131\u011fa, so\u011fuk havaya ve darbeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 malzeme olmak zorundad\u0131r. Kabzan\u0131n namlu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine g\u00f6re do\u011fru oran\/hesapla, do\u011fru kal\u0131nl\u0131kta, do\u011fru \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde ve do\u011fru \u015fekillendirilerek monte edilmesi gereklidir. Bu hassasiyet b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n dengesi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile uzun, kuvvet gerektiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bile\u011finizi yormamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ayr\u0131ca optimum hassasiyetle b\u0131\u00e7a\u011fa hakim olabilme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklar do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame temelinde, do\u011fada uzun s\u00fcreli aktif kullan\u0131mlarda g\u00f6rev alan b\u0131\u00e7aklar olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, silindirik (halk dilinde tam yuvarlak) veya keskin hatlara sahip (\u00e7izgisel kenarlar da dahil) kabza anatomileri bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in kabza formunda uygun se\u00e7enek de\u011fildirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, birka\u00e7 saatlik uzun ve \u00f6zellikle bilekten g\u00fc\u00e7 gerektiren bir y\u00f6ntem kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z gereken bir b\u0131\u00e7ak kesi\u015f uygulamas\u0131nda, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kabzas\u0131 silindirik olacak olursa, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fc\u00e7 uygulamas\u0131 yapman\u0131z gereken zamanlarda kabza ayan\u0131za (avu\u00e7 i\u00e7i) tam oturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oynayacak ve siz de b\u0131\u00e7a\u011fa daha iyi hakim olmak i\u00e7in kabzay\u0131 daha da s\u0131kmak zorunda kalacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Bu durumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ktan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra bile\u011finize ciddi bir y\u00fck bindi\u011fini fark edecek ve \u00e7abucak yorulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Israrl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z takdirde bile\u011finizin zorlanmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 sakatlanma dahi ya\u015fayabilirsiniz. Yine ayn\u0131 durumda b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kabzas\u0131 gereksiz \u015fekilde keskin hatlara sahipse, \u00e7ok derin t\u0131rt\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131daysa veya genel anlamda prizmatik yap\u0131da ise (kenarlardan keskin hatlara sahip) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z s\u0131ras\u0131nda kabzay\u0131 kavramak i\u00e7in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kuvvet baz\u0131nda ayan\u0131z a\u015f\u0131nmaya ba\u015flayacak, k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra da kabzan\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131\/tahrip edici yap\u0131s\u0131 avu\u00e7 i\u00e7indeki derinizin su toplamas\u0131na, hatta avu\u00e7 i\u00e7inizde yaralar a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na sebep olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumdan dolay\u0131, bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak ki\u015fiye g\u00f6re ve \u00f6zellikle kullanacak ki\u015finin el\/aya (avu\u00e7 i\u00e7i) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri al\u0131narak en uygun \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanarak, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kabza\/namlu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri beraberinde oranlar\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile dengesi de \u00f6zel olarak ayarlanarak haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bushcraft temelde kullan\u0131lacak olan do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabzas\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n aya \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerine tam oturacak \u015fekilde ve kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tam aya kavramas\u0131nda avu\u00e7 i\u00e7ine tam oturarak, bilek ile do\u011fru\/dengeli a\u00e7\u0131 yaparak, uygun yast\u0131klamay\u0131 (darbe\/g\u00fc\u00e7 absorbesi) sa\u011flayabilecek e\u011fim ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

6- Sap (Kabza) Sabitleme Pimleri :<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>

Do\u011fada Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n pimleri darbe dayan\u0131ml\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc malzemelerden imal edilmi\u015f, sap ile g\u00f6vdeyi birle\u015ftirirken dirayet ve denge a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygun say\u0131da, uygun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde (sap malzemesi kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00f6vde kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere orant\u0131l\u0131),uygun mesafe ve a\u00e7\u0131larda sa\u011flamca monte edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Aksi durumlarda, herhangi bir darbe veya zorlama durumunda b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sap\u0131 hasar g\u00f6rebilir veya tamam\u0131 ile g\u00f6vdeden ayr\u0131l\u0131p elinizde kalabilir. (Kabza pimlerinin hangi metalden veya materyalden haz\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7ak sahibi veya b\u0131\u00e7ak ustas\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k, pimler aras\u0131 mesafe\/a\u00e7\u0131 vb. n\u00fcanslara \u00e7ok dikkat edilmelidir).<\/p>

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7- Bilek\/Ask\u0131 Kordonu Deli\u011fi :<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>

Bu delik \u00fczerinden ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, sa\u011flam malzemeden se\u00e7ilmi\u015f (paracord, deri vb. uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclen herhangi bir materyal), bilek kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n 2-3 kat\u0131 \u00e7apta \u00e7ember \u015feklinde kordon, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hem bir yere asmada, hem de kuvvet gerektiren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bile\u011fe sarma y\u00f6ntemi ile destek g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcp, ayn\u0131 zamanda herhangi bir kayma durumunda b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 bile\u011finize sabitleyerek b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n elinizden f\u0131rlamas\u0131na engel olur. Bu gereklilik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek, bir do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabzas\u0131nda en uygun noktada (genellikle kabza bitimi, dip\u00e7ik \u00fcst\u00fc) “Bilek\/Ask\u0131 Kordon Deli\u011fi” mutlaka bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

8- Dip\u00e7ik ve Dip\u00e7ik Malzemesi :<\/u><\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>

Bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak anatomisinde,\u00a0dip\u00e7ik\u00a0\u00f6zelli\u011fi d\u00fcnya geneli de\u011ferlendirmesinde de \u00e7ok fazla g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ediliyor olsa da, \u00f6zellikle \u00fclkemiz T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ok daha fazla g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle el yap\u0131m\u0131 imalatlar\u0131n % 80 ve \u00fczerinde bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklarda,\u00a0dip\u00e7ik b\u0131\u00e7ak ustalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan veya b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131ran kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilerek b\u0131\u00e7a\u011fa entegre edilmemektedir.. H\u00e2lbuki, do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame temelinde kullanmak amac\u0131 ile, \u00f6nceden kendi isteklerinize ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za uygun tasar\u0131m yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z, do\u011fada rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan neden bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edesiniz. Dip\u00e7i\u011fe sahip bir bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7ak size bir\u00e7ok alanda \u00e7ok alternatifli \u015fekilde hizmet ederek rahatl\u0131k ve kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Fakat dip\u00e7ik konusunda da hataya d\u00fc\u015fmemek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bir\u00e7ok bushcraft anatomide b\u0131\u00e7aklarda dip\u00e7ik tamamen g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilip kabza s\u0131radan bir \u015fekilde sonland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, baz\u0131lar\u0131nda dip\u00e7ik tercih edilebiliyor. Bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7aklarda hatal\u0131 dip\u00e7ik se\u00e7imi genellikle delme\/par\u00e7alama ama\u00e7l\u0131 dip\u00e7ik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tercih etme \u015fekli ile kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Sivri yap\u0131l\u0131 dip\u00e7ik alternatifleri genellikle taktik b\u0131\u00e7ak modelleri i\u00e7erisinde kolluk kuvvetleri ve \u00f6zel g\u00fcvenlik birimleri i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f modellerde tercih edilir ki, sivri dip\u00e7ik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tercih edilmesinin sebebi, haval\u0131 ara\u00e7 cam\u0131 vb. camlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 harcanmadan k\u0131r\u0131labilmesi, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 s\u0131cak temasta hasm\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeden \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zel v\u00fccut noktalar\u0131na sivri dip\u00e7ik darbeleri ile vuru\u015flarla etkisiz hale getirilmesi vb. durumlara en pratik \u015fekilde hizmet etmesidir. Fakat do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek olursak, do\u011fada cam k\u0131rma vb. alternatiflerden ziyade, ezme, k\u0131rma (obsidyen k\u0131rarak \u015fekillendirme vb.), \u00e7akma, bask\u0131 uygulayarak d\u00fczle\u015ftirme vb. uygulamalara \u00e7ok daha fazla ihtiya\u00e7 duyar\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n dip\u00e7i\u011fini kullanarak ezerek toz haline getirmeniz gereken bir \u00e7am re\u00e7inesini havan tokma\u011f\u0131 gibi kullanarak ezmeden tutun, \u00e7akman\u0131z gereken uygun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bir a\u011fa\u00e7 kamay\u0131 \u00e7eki\u00e7leme y\u00f6ntemi ile \u00e7akmak, sert kabuklu bir meyvenin kabu\u011funu k\u0131rmak vb. bir\u00e7ok uygulamada pratiklik sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. Sivri dip\u00e7ik yap\u0131s\u0131 veya dip\u00e7iksiz bir b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kabza topu\u011fu ile bu i\u015fleri yapman\u0131z pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile, bushcraft temelde bir do\u011fada hayat\u0131 idame b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uygun yap\u0131da dip\u00e7i\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fi asl\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerden birisidir. Dip\u00e7ik, b\u0131\u00e7ak yap\u0131l\u0131rken ilk tercih olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse ana g\u00f6vde \u00e7eli\u011fi dip\u00e7ik de hesap edilerek biraz daha uzun ve geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kesilerek d\u00f6v\u00fcl\u00fcp g\u00f6vde ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fekilde kaynak kullan\u0131lmadan olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci bir alternatif olarak, m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n kendi g\u00f6vde \u00e7eli\u011finden (veya ustan\u0131n uygun g\u00f6rece\u011fi g\u00f6vde ile kaynayabilecek \u00e7elik tipi de kullan\u0131labilir) dip\u00e7ik yast\u0131\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanarak, b\u0131\u00e7ak ustas\u0131n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc teknikle, y\u00fcksek darbe dayan\u0131ml\u0131 ve k\u0131r\u0131lmayacak sa\u011flaml\u0131kta kaynak tekni\u011fi kullan\u0131larak ana g\u00f6vdeye do\u011fru \u015fekilde kaynat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

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\n Oylama Yap<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Bushcraft b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u00a0genel anlamda “Do\u011fada Hayat\u0131 \u0130dame” durumu \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek, bir insan\u0131n do\u011fada hayat\u0131n\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc fiziki \u015fart ve iklimde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":990005,"featured_media":3880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[819,831,833,832,835,834,461,127,836],"class_list":["post-3874","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kampcilik","tag-bushcraft","tag-bushcraft-bicak","tag-bushcraft-bicak-anatomisi","tag-bushcraft-bicak-modelleri","tag-bushcraft-hayati-2","tag-dogada-hayati-idame","tag-extreme-outdoor","tag-extreme-outdoor-blog","tag-hayati-idame-bicaklari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/990005"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3874"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3882,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3874\/revisions\/3882"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3874"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3874"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3874"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}