{"id":4336,"date":"2023-05-03T17:52:40","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T14:52:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/?p=4336"},"modified":"2023-05-03T17:52:40","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T14:52:40","slug":"kilic-baligi-avi-ve-teknikleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/05\/03\/kilic-baligi-avi-ve-teknikleri\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Av\u0131 ve Teknikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

KILI\u00c7 BALI\u011eI (Xiphias gladius)<\/strong><\/h1>

K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 son derece g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve uzun gagalar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan predat\u00f6r (y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131) ve pelajik bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. V\u00fccut yap\u0131lar\u0131 yuvarla\u011fa yak\u0131n g\u00f6zleri ise olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu bal\u0131klar\u0131n gen\u00e7 bireylerinde dorsal ve anal y\u00fczge\u00e7 birer adet iken yeti\u015fkin safhaya ge\u00e7tiklerinde de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frar iki adet dorsal (s\u0131rt) ve iki anal y\u00fczgeci olur. \u0130kinci anal y\u00fczge\u00e7 ile ikinci dorsal y\u00fczge\u00e7 hemen hemen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 konumludur ve ikinci dorsal y\u00fczgeci ikinci anal y\u00fczgecinden az b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00c7ift y\u00fczge\u00e7lerden pektoral (g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs) y\u00fczge\u00e7leri bulunurken ventral (kar\u0131n) y\u00fczge\u00e7leri yoktur. Kaudal (kuyruk) y\u00fczgeci hilal \u015feklindedir ve v\u00fccut ile birle\u015fme k\u0131sm\u0131nda belirgin bir karina vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca gen\u00e7 bireylerin v\u00fccutlar\u0131 pullu iken ergin bireyler pulsuz yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde gen\u00e7 bireylerin \u00e7eneleri di\u015fli iken yeti\u015fkin hale geldiklerinde \u00e7enelerinde di\u015f bulunmaz.<\/p>


Maksimum boylar\u0131 450cm, ortalama boylar\u0131 300cm’dir. Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7mi\u015f maksimum a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k 650kg’d\u0131r. Ekonomik olarak genellikle ortalama 90-150kg aras\u0131nda avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Gaga veya burun olarak tabir etti\u011fimiz k\u0131s\u0131m v\u00fccudun 3’te 1’i kadar uzunlukta olduk\u00e7a keskin d\u00fcz bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u015feklindedir. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yavrusu (larva) zay\u0131f, d\u00fcz v\u00fccutlu ve alt ve \u00fcst \u00e7enesi ayn\u0131 konumlu olmas\u0131yla gen\u00e7 bireyden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r.

Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 Ve Biyolojisi<\/strong>
Pelajik bir t\u00fcr olan bu bal\u0131k genellikle a\u00e7\u0131k deniz olarak tabir etti\u011fimiz okyanuslarda bulunsa da zaman zaman k\u0131y\u0131sal alanlarda da g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. S\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturmaz, yaln\u0131z dola\u015f\u0131rlar. Atlantik, Pasifik ve Hint Okyanuslar\u0131n\u0131n tropikal ve s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerinde bulunur. Akdeniz, Ege ve azda olsa Marmara, Karadeniz ve Azov Denizi\u2019nde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.

K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131klar\u0131 ortalama 150m ile 600m aras\u0131ndaki derinliklerde ya\u015far ve ortalama 15C\u00b0 ve yukar\u0131s\u0131ndaki su katmanlar\u0131n\u0131 tercih ederler, ortalama 18C\u00b0-22C\u00b0 aras\u0131nda bulunur, yaz d\u00f6nemi boyunca beslenme i\u00e7in so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelere hareket ederler. Gece vakti suyun \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda istavrit, ringa, barak\u00fcda gibi nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bal\u0131k s\u00fcr\u00fcleri ile beslenirler. \u00d6zellikle kabuklu deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve kalamarlarla beslenirler. \u00dcreme b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re ortalama 22C\u00b0-24C\u00b0 s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ilkbahar, yaz aylar\u0131nda ba\u015flar. G\u00fcney Atlantik’te \u00fcreme sular\u0131n 20C\u00b0’yi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanda kas\u0131m ile \u015fubat aras\u0131nda meydana gelir. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortalama 1,7mm \u00e7ap\u0131nda di\u015finin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 1\u201329 milyon adet yumurtlayabilirler, yumurtalar pelajiktir.

Ekonomik \u00d6nemi Ve \u00dclkemizde Avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>
K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131klar\u0131 koyu renkli yani ya\u011fl\u0131 etleri ile lezzetli bal\u0131klar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ekonomik de\u011feri y\u00fcksektir. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck otel ve restaurantlarda tercih edilmektedir. \u00dclkemizde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 ekim ile 31 ocak aras\u0131nda 4 ay kapal\u0131 olup geri kalan d\u00f6nemde ise su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mevsimsel ko\u015fullar nedeni ile yaln\u0131zca 4 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmektedir. Avc\u0131l\u0131k a\u011fustos-kas\u0131m aylar\u0131nda devam eder.

En bilindik ve geleneksel bir av y\u00f6ntemi b\u00fcy\u00fck z\u0131pk\u0131nlar (harpoon) kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131lan avc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu bal\u0131klar\u0131n direk olarak insanlara sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir fakat z\u0131pk\u0131nland\u0131klar\u0131nda tehlikeli olabilirler. Z\u0131pk\u0131nlanan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0131zla dibe dalar ve \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tekneleri bat\u0131rabildikleri bilinmektedir. Avc\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde paraketa kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla fazlas\u0131yla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Paraketalar 40mil (64km) uzunlu\u011funda su katman\u0131na yatay olarak tekneler ile serilir belirli aral\u0131klarla b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u011fneler ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 cezbetmesi i\u00e7in yem tak\u0131l\u0131r, asl\u0131nda i\u011fneler aras\u0131 mesafe ve uzakl\u0131k bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131ya ve av\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterir bu nedenle ekipman hakk\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm vermek yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilir. Bir di\u011fer y\u00f6ntem ise s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen (drift netting) a\u011flarla yap\u0131lan avc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r bu avc\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fcnya genelinde se\u00e7icili\u011fi az olmas\u0131 nedeniyle yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r daha sonra farkl\u0131 limitler getirilerek avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lmaya devam edilmi\u015ftir \u00fclkemizde ise 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen a\u011flar yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde avc\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6zellikle Ege Denizi’nde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Akdeniz’de Antalya’da da rastlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Z\u0131pk\u0131n en eski avc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00fclkemizde say\u0131l\u0131 bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan G\u00f6k\u00e7eada’da yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.

K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bal\u0131k olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ilk ba\u015flarda ekipmanlar\u0131n geli\u015fmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle avc\u0131l\u0131k miktar\u0131 FAO verilerine g\u00f6re 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda 7 ton iken 1988 y\u0131l\u0131nda 600 tona y\u00fckselmi\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise 400 tona gerilemi\u015ftir. Bu rakamlar bu bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne denli \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu ve av bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikrini do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Avc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6ntemleri ve av ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi stoklar\u0131 azaltmakta oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir.<\/p>


Avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>

K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu g\u00fcn daha kolay hale geldi. Zira t\u00fcm g\u00fcn dolan\u0131p oltan\u0131za denk gelmeyebilecek bir k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n pe\u015finden ko\u015farken akya, marlin, tombik, ton, orkinos, lambuka gibi bal\u0131klar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 olanaklar ve olta ile avlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>

Bunun i\u00e7in Ege ve Akdeniz’in deniz trafi\u011finden uzak sular\u0131na uygun tekne ile a\u00e7\u0131lman\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>

K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 i\u00e7in en uygunu 200gr’dan b\u00fcy\u00fck (1kg’a kadar) canl\u0131 uskumru, kolyoz, tombik ve palamutu g\u00f6zlerinden 1 numaral\u0131k misinadan bir halka ge\u00e7irip el ayas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde (en az 3\/0 numara) keskin krom i\u011fneyle s\u0131rt\u0131 yapman\u0131zd\u0131r. S\u0131rt\u0131, oltan\u0131n tekne arkas\u0131ndan 30-100m kadar sal\u0131n\u0131p 3-5 mil h\u0131zla \u00e7ekilmesidir. Yine bir kar\u0131\u015ftan uzun rapala magnum, yo-zuri, kalamar ve ahtapot gibi sahtelerle de ayni bal\u0131klar\u0131 avlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>

Olta olarak i\u011fneden sonra 10m kadar en iyisinden y\u00fcksek \u00e7ekerli (en az 200 librelik) 0.80-1.20mm’lik misina ve bir f\u0131rd\u00f6nd\u00fcden sonra 0.80mm’lik ip misina (en az 300 libre \u00e7ekerli) kullan\u0131labilir. Duruma g\u00f6re f\u0131rdond\u00fcn\u00fcn 3 kula\u00e7 \u00f6n\u00fcne yayl\u0131 kur\u015funlar ekleyerek oltan\u0131n az diplemesini sa\u011flayabilirsiniz. Fakat k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 av\u0131nda buna genelde ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaz.<\/p>

Bu tak\u0131m iyi bir \u00e7\u0131kr\u0131k makina ve uygun kam\u0131\u015f kombinasyonuyla kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>

E\u011fer downrigger kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa bir tekneden ayn\u0131 anda bir ka\u00e7 tak\u0131m sal\u0131nabilir. Fakat downrigger kullan\u0131rken bal\u0131k yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda teknenin asla h\u0131z kesmeden yoluna devam etmesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>

Bu tak\u0131ma benzer olarak, i\u011fneden sonraki misinay\u0131 daha uzun tutup (30-50m), balmumuyla s\u0131vanm\u0131\u015f para\u015f\u00fct ipi (\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc 2-3mm’lik halat) beden kullanarak kam\u0131\u015f-makara tak\u0131m\u0131 olmadan el ile de k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 avlanabilir. Bu durumda bedeni k\u00fcrek \u0131skarmozlar\u0131na bir tur sar\u0131p geni\u015fce bir le\u011fende toplamakta yarar vard\u0131r. Iskarmoz bal\u0131k yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dayanak ve fren g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcrken, bedenin geni\u015f plastik le\u011fene toplanmas\u0131 bu h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n bal\u0131\u011f\u0131n bedeni aya\u011f\u0131na koluna dola\u015ft\u0131ran bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 denize almamas\u0131 i\u00e7indir.<\/p>

Ayr\u0131ca; yakalanan bal\u0131k atlay\u0131p z\u0131playarak bazen tekne \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ebilir. O nedenle \u0131skarmozu kullanarak gergin bi\u00e7imde bal\u0131\u011fa kalama verirken teknenin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ebilecek bal\u0131ktan da kendimizi kollamal\u0131y\u0131z. Iskarmoza s\u00fcrt\u00fcnen beden \u0131s\u0131narak yanabilir. O nedenle yard\u0131mc\u0131 eleman buraya zaman zaman su d\u00f6kmelidir.<\/p>

K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda teknede mutlaka bulunmas\u0131 gereken aletlerden biri de kak\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse en az 1m uzunlu\u011funda sap\u0131 bulunan sa\u011flam bir kak\u0131\u00e7 her an el alt\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

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\n Oylama Yap<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KILI\u00c7 BALI\u011eI (Xiphias gladius) K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 son derece g\u00f6\u00e7ebe ve uzun gagalar\u0131 ile tan\u0131nan predat\u00f6r (y\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131) ve pelajik bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":990005,"featured_media":4337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-balikcilik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4336","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/990005"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4336"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4336\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4338,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4336\/revisions\/4338"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4336"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4336"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4336"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}