{"id":5045,"date":"2023-08-11T11:41:08","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T08:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/?p=5045"},"modified":"2023-08-11T11:41:08","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T08:41:08","slug":"klasik-muzik-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gereken-temel-noktalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/2023\/08\/11\/klasik-muzik-hakkinda-bilinmesi-gereken-temel-noktalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Klasik M\u00fczik Hakk\u0131nda Bilinmesi Gereken Temel Noktalar"},"content":{"rendered":"

Klasik m\u00fczik <\/strong>k\u00f6keni Antik Yunan d\u00f6nemine kadar uzayan Bat\u0131 Avrupa temelli bir m\u00fczik t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Klasik Bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fi tarihi genel olarak 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l ile 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l aras\u0131nda verilen eserlerden olu\u015fur. Bu m\u00fczik t\u00fcr\u00fc genel hatlar\u0131yla halk m\u00fczi\u011finden tamamen ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve se\u00e7kin gruplara hitap eder. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden romantik d\u00f6neme kadar saray i\u00e7inde icra edilmi\u015ftir. \u201cKlasik m\u00fczik nedir?\u201d<\/strong> sorusunun cevab\u0131ndaki en belirgin \u00f6zellik bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn polifonik (\u00e7ok ezgili) ve poliritmik (\u00e7ok ritimli) olmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>

Klasik M\u00fczikte Kullan\u0131lan \u00c7alg\u0131lar <\/h2>

Klasik Bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011finin en belirgin \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olan polifonik ezgiler, bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 enstr\u00fcman\u0131n bir araya getirilmesiyle olu\u015fturulur. Bu enstr\u00fcmanlar yayl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar, \u00fcflemeli \u00e7alg\u0131lar ve vurmal\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar olarak kategorize edilir.\u00a0<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Yayl\u0131 \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u00a0Yayl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar orkestrada b\u00fcy\u00fck yer tutar. Yayl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lara bat\u0131da telli \u00e7alg\u0131lar denir. Genellikle hayvan k\u0131l\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir yay arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131nan bu m\u00fczik aletlerinden yay\u0131n tellere s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesi ile ses elde edilir. Keman, viyola, \u00e7ello ve kontrbas yayl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar ailesinin \u00fcyeleridir. Bu enstr\u00fcmanlar b\u00fcy\u00fckten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klasik bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli olan keman ailesi, her d\u00f6nemde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Avrupa\u2019da yayl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131n telli \u00e7alg\u0131lar olarak kategorize edilmesinden dolay\u0131, \u00e7ok say\u0131da tele sahip olan ve parmaklar yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131nan arp da yayl\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar i\u00e7ine dahil edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Piyano ve klavsen Klasik D\u00f6nem\u2019e damga vurmu\u015f ve kal\u0131pla\u015fm\u0131\u015f m\u00fczik aletleridir. \u00d6zellikle klavsen klasik m\u00fczi\u011fin en \u00f6nemli enstr\u00fcman\u0131d\u0131r. Tu\u015flu \u00e7alg\u0131lar olmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi olarak tu\u015flardan al\u0131nan titre\u015fim tellere iletildi\u011finden dolay\u0131 onlar da telli \u00e7alg\u0131lar grubunda incelenir.\u00a0<\/h3><\/p>
\"\"<\/figure>

\u00dcflemeli \u00c7alg\u0131lar\u00a0\u00c7ok sesli ezgileri olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir di\u011fer enstr\u00fcman grubu ise \u00fcflemeli aletlerdir ve bunlar i\u00e7ine verilen nefes sayesinde titre\u015fim yayarak ses \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Fl\u00fct, klarnet, obua, fagot, trompet, trombon, korno, tuba ve kormen bu gruba dahildir. Kal\u0131ndan inceye bir\u00e7ok ses \u00e7\u0131karan nefesli \u00e7alg\u0131lar da klasik m\u00fczikte \u00f6nemli yer tutar.<\/h3><\/p>
\"\"<\/figure>

Vurmal\u0131 \u00c7alg\u0131lar <\/h3>

Orkestran\u0131n en arkas\u0131nda bulunan\u00a0vurmal\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131lar, genel olarak m\u00fczi\u011fin ritmini belirlemekte \u00f6nemli rol \u00fcstlenir. Tokmak, baget veya f\u0131r\u00e7a gibi yard\u0131mc\u0131 aletlerle \u00e7al\u0131nan bu \u00e7alg\u0131lar, her m\u00fczik \u00e7e\u015fidinde oldu\u011fu gibi klasik m\u00fczikte de yer al\u0131r. Timpani, zil, \u00fc\u00e7gen, kastanyet, \u00e7\u0131ng\u0131rak ve tef klasik m\u00fczikte kullan\u0131lan vurmal\u0131 enstr\u00fcmanlard\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>

Klasik M\u00fczik D\u00f6nemleri <\/h2>

Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019dan sonraki klasik m\u00fczik d\u00f6nemlerini ba\u015fl\u0131ca be\u015f d\u00f6nem alt\u0131nda incelemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr<\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6nemi\u00a0Kelime anlam\u0131 yeniden do\u011fu\u015f olan R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6nemi, Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa\u2019s\u0131nda kilise bask\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u0131yr\u0131lan halk\u0131n ayd\u0131nlanma d\u00f6nemini kapsayan d\u00f6nemi ifade eder. Yeniden do\u011fu\u015f eylemi iki farkl\u0131 \u015feyi kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130lki insanlar\u0131n antik klasik metinleri kilise bask\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtularak do\u011fru ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yeniden ke\u015ffetmeleri, farkl\u0131 dillere \u00e7evirmeleri ve \u00f6\u011frenmeleri; pozitif bilimlerin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve skolastik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131; sanatta yeni uygulamalar\u0131n tespiti ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir ortam olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0\u0130kincisi ise t\u00fcm bunlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak geli\u015fen \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve ak\u0131lc\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n entelekt\u00fcel aktivitelere yanst\u0131l\u0131mas\u0131 ve bu sayede Avrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015fip \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesidir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ayd\u0131nlanmadan m\u00fczik de nasibini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Klasik d\u00f6nemin ilk evresi olan R\u00f6nesans D\u00f6nemi 1450-1600 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Ayd\u0131nlanma \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 olu\u015fturacak ayd\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin geli\u015fti\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemde klasik m\u00fczi\u011fin de temelleri at\u0131l\u0131r. Kilisenin halk\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve skolastik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, kilise m\u00fczi\u011finin ve kilisenin m\u00fczik \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131s\u0131 zay\u0131flar.\u00a0Bu d\u00f6nemde vokal polifonik stiller g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Dinin m\u00fczik \u00fczerindeki etkisi zay\u0131flar. M\u00fczik aletleri \u00e7e\u015fitlenerek bir arada kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde matbaan\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte\u00a0klasik m\u00fczik notalar\u0131\u00a0<\/span>ve besteleri \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lma imk\u00e2n\u0131 bulur. Bu d\u00f6nem m\u00fczi\u011finin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri\u2019nin de etkisi vard\u0131r. Bu etki farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ile sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan m\u00fczisyenleri Carlo Gesualdo, Guillaume Dufay, Johannes Ockeghem ve Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina\u2019d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3><\/p>
\"\"<\/figure>

Barok D\u00f6nem\u00a0Barok D\u00f6nem, ya\u015fam\u0131n her alan\u0131nda s\u00fcsl\u00fc \u015feylerden etkilenilen bir d\u00f6nem olarak 1600-1750 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. Mimaride g\u00f6r\u00fclen kabartmal\u0131 ve s\u00fcsl\u00fc yap\u0131lar gibi m\u00fczikte de s\u00fcse ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa gidilir. Soylular s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve saraya daha yak\u0131n bir m\u00fcziktir. Barok d\u00f6nemin en \u00e7ok \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6zelli\u011fi concertato stilidir. Bu stilde vokaller ve enstr\u00fcmanlar birle\u015ferek bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.\u00a0R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminden farkl\u0131 olarak daha s\u00fcsl\u00fc bir anlat\u0131m tercih edilir. Bu s\u00fcsl\u00fc anlat\u0131m i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda klavsen yer al\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde klavyenin daha \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla orkestra geli\u015fim g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan m\u00fczik terimlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu Barok d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserlerde d\u00f6nemin siyasi ve sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki etkilerden dolay\u0131 melankoliye ka\u00e7mayan karamsar bir ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik havas\u0131 hakimdir. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri maj\u00f6r ve min\u00f6r kavramlar\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6nemin en \u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0klasik m\u00fczik bestecileri<\/span>\u00a0ise Henry Purcell, George Frideric Handel, Georg Philipp Telemann, Johann Sebastian Bach, Antonio Vivaldi ve Arcangelo Corelli olarak s\u0131ralanabilir.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3><\/p>
\"\"<\/figure>

Klasik D\u00f6nem\u00a0<\/h3>

Barok d\u00f6nemin kapanmas\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenlerden biri piyanonun icat edilmesidir.\u00a0Klasik m\u00fczik piyano\u00a0<\/span>ile zirveye \u00e7\u0131kar.\u00a0Hareketli klasik m\u00fczik<\/span>\u00a0besteleri piyano ile birlikte daha da geli\u015fir. Klasik stilin barok stilden fark\u0131 daha sade olmas\u0131d\u0131r. 1750-1820 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bu d\u00f6nemde Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali, Sanayi devrimi ve kiliseye olan g\u00fcvenin azalmas\u0131 gibi olaylardan dolay\u0131 her alanda sadele\u015fmeye gidilir. Klasik bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fi de sadele\u015fmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Klasik m\u00fczik sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131<\/span>\u00a0bu d\u00f6nemde daha kolay anla\u015f\u0131lma amac\u0131n\u0131 hedefler.\u00a0<\/p>

Bu d\u00f6nemde senfoninin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fi daha se\u00e7kin hale getirir. D\u00f6nemin \u00fcnl\u00fc bestecileri aras\u0131nda Joseph Haydn, Christoph Willibald Gluck, Muzio Clementi ve Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart yer al\u0131r.\u00a0Klasik m\u00fczik Mozart<\/span>\u00a0i\u00e7in evrensellik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile harmanlanm\u0131\u015f bestelerden olu\u015fur. Bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan sanat\u00e7\u0131 olan Ludwig van Beethoven ise klasik d\u00f6nemden romantik d\u00f6neme ge\u00e7i\u015f a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Beethoven ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca hastal\u0131klarla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015f biri olarak tamamen sa\u011f\u0131r olduktan sonra bile beste yapmaya devam eden \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir piyanisttir.<\/p><\/p>

\"\"<\/figure>

Romantik D\u00f6nem<\/h3>

Bu d\u00f6nemde m\u00fczik saray i\u00e7inden ve aristokrasiden s\u0131yr\u0131larak halk\u0131n i\u00e7ine kar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. T\u00fcm kal\u0131plar ve d\u00fczen y\u0131k\u0131larak daha romantik bir hava benimsenir ve eserler bu do\u011frultuda verilir. D\u00f6nemin en g\u00f6zde enstr\u00fcman\u0131 piyanodur. Kendi i\u00e7inde 3 d\u00f6nemde incelenir.<\/p>

Erken Romantik D\u00f6nem<\/h4>

Klasik m\u00fczik Beethoven <\/strong>ile birlikte erken romantik d\u00f6nemi ya\u015far. Bu d\u00f6nem Klasik d\u00f6nemin i\u00e7inde var olmu\u015ftur. Franz Schubert, Carl Maria von Weber ve Gioacchino Rossini di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fc bestecilerdir. <\/p>

Orta Romantik D\u00f6nem <\/h4>

Bu d\u00f6nemde romantizm art\u0131k t\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019ya egemen olur. Bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli yabanc\u0131 klasik m\u00fczik<\/strong> bestecileri aras\u0131nda Franz Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Niccolo Paganini, Robert Schumann, Frederic Chopin, Johannes Brahms, Giuseppe Verdi ve Richard Wagner yer al\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde klasik m\u00fczik Chopin<\/strong> ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. <\/p>

Ge\u00e7 Romantik D\u00f6nem <\/h4>

Ulusalc\u0131l\u0131k ak\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte m\u00fczi\u011fin farkl\u0131 milletlere yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemdir. Rus bestecilerden Mikhail Glinka, Aleksandr Borodin, Peter \u0130lyi\u00e7 \u00c7aykovski ve Nikolay Rimski-Korsakov \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Bedrich Smetana ve Antonin Dvorak d\u00f6neme dahil olan \u00c7ek bestecileridir. Edvard Grieg ve Jean Sibelius ise \u0130skandinav besteciler olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. <\/p>

Modern D\u00f6nem<\/h2>

Modern D\u00f6nem ise 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar olan d\u00f6nemi kapsar. Elektronik m\u00fczik, atonal m\u00fczik ve caz gibi t\u00fcrlerle birle\u015fmeler ya\u015fayan klasik m\u00fczik belli bir kal\u0131ba ya da stile s\u0131\u011fmayacak kadar geni\u015ftir. Romantizm ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duran bu d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nde gelen bestecileri aras\u0131nda Igor Stravinsky, Claude Debussy, John Williams, Erik Satie, Hans Zimmer ve Amy Beach say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n

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\n 5\/5 - (1 vote) <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Klasik m\u00fczik k\u00f6keni Antik Yunan d\u00f6nemine kadar uzayan Bat\u0131 Avrupa temelli bir m\u00fczik t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Klasik Bat\u0131 m\u00fczi\u011fi tarihi genel olarak 15.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":990005,"featured_media":5053,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1107],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kultur-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/990005"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5045"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5054,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5045\/revisions\/5054"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5053"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.extremeoutdoor.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}